Adeept Robot Car
Building the Robot Car
Overview of Adeept Robot HAT V3.2
The Adeept Robot HAT V3.2 is a crucial component of the robot that allows users to connect
various sensors and electronic hardware modules via its multiple
interfaces.
Key onboard components and interfaces include:
40Pin: Corresponds to the Raspberry Pi 40Pin and is used to expand the
interface.
MPU6050: An I2C interface specifically for installing the MPU6050 module.
WS2812 & WS2812 Port: Includes two onboard WS2812 LEDs along with an extension port to expand
the number of WS2812 LEDs.
Servo Port & Motor Ports: Features servo interfaces and four motor ports
(M1, M2, M3, M4) to connect motors.
Communication & Sensor Ports: Includes X1/X2 (I2C for devices like OLED displays), X3 (Light Tracking), X4/X5
(RGB LED), X6/X7 (UART), X8 (Line Tracking), and X9 (Ultrasonic).
LED1~3: Three onboard LED lights connected to switch interfaces for connecting
external LEDs or equipment.
Power, Switch, & Type-C USB: Includes an external power interface, an ON/OFF power switch, and a
Type-C USB port used to power the motherboard or charge the battery.
Indicators: Features a charging indicator (red for charging, green for disconnected/fully charged),
a 4-LED battery level indicator (where the final red LED denotes low battery),
and a power indicator controlled by the switch.
Onboard Extras: Includes an onboard passive buzzer and an IR receiver.
Precautions for Using the Adeept Robot HAT V3.2
Powering via USB: During software installation, assembly, or debugging, a USB cable connected
to the Robot HAT's USB port can power the Raspberry Pi through the GPIO interface.
Power Requirements & Current Demands:
Different Raspberry Pi models require different current levels (e.g., Raspberry Pi 3B
needs at least 2A, Raspberry Pi 4 requires 3A, and Raspberry Pi 5 recommends a
power adapter of at least 5A to avoid system crashes, screen flickering, or startup failure).
When loads like motors or multiple servos are connected, a high-current external
power supply (such as two high-current 18650 batteries supplying at least 4A peak
current at 7.4V) must be connected to Vin.
The board can be supplied by any high-energy li-ion power source under 15V.
Reboot Troubleshooting: If a robot automatically reboots right when it starts moving, it is often because the
power supply cannot provide enough current when servos automatically rotate to
their center position upon booting, causing a voltage drop on the Raspberry Pi.
An APK file (Android Package Kit) is the file format used by the Android operating system
for distributing and installing mobile apps, middleware, and games.
Think of it as the Android equivalent of an .exe file on Windows or a .dmg file on macOS. When you download an app from the Google Play Store, it is
downloaded and installed in the background as an APK file.
What is Inside an APK?
An APK is actually a compressed archive file (similar to a ZIP file) that contains
all the elements an app needs to run on an Android device, including:
classes.dex: The compiled Java/Kotlin bytecode that the Android runtime executes.
AndroidManifest.xml: The control file that describes the app's name, version, access permissions
(like camera or location), and hardware requirements.
res/: Resources like images, layout XML files, and strings.
assets/: Raw asset files bundled with the app.
lib/: Compiled machine code libraries tailored for specific processor architectures
(e.g., ARM, x86).
Digital Signature: A cryptographic certificate verifying the identity of the developer who built the app.
Why Would Someone Use an APK Manually?
While most users install apps directly through the Google Play Store without ever
seeing an APK, there are a few reasons to handle them directly:
Sideloading: Installing apps that are not available on the official Google Play Store by
downloading the APK from a trusted third-party source.
Beta Testing & Development: Developers generate APK files to test their apps on physical devices or
emulators before publishing them.
Rollbacks: Installing an older version of an app if a recent update introduces bugs or removes
a preferred feature.
Offline Installation: Installing apps on Android devices that do not have an active internet connection.
Safety Warning
Because APK files can bypass the security checks of the official app store,
downloading APKs from untrusted websites carries a high risk of malware,
spyware, or repackaged malicious code. It is always recommended to download apps
from official and verified sources.
A servo (short for servomotor) is a rotary or linear actuator that allows for precise control
of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration. Unlike standard electric
motors that spin continuously when power is applied, a servo is designed to move
to a specific position and hold that position accurately.
How Servos Work
A standard hobby or robotics servo consists of four main components housed
together:
DC Motor: Provides the physical rotation.
Gear Train: Reduces speed while multiplying the motor's torque so it can move heavier loads.
Potentiometer (Sensor): Attached to the output shaft to monitor the exact angle/position of the motor in
real time.
Control Circuit: A small circuit board that compares the target position (sent via a control signal)
with the current position (read by the potentiometer) and adjusts the motor until
they match.
Common Types of Servos
Standard / Positional Servos: Typically rotate within a limited range of motion—most commonly 180 or 270. They are widely used in robotics joints, steering mechanisms on RC cars, and
automated valves.
Continuous Rotation Servos: Unlike positional servos, these can rotate 360 degrees continuously in either direction. Instead of controlling position, the control
signal regulates speed and direction (forward/reverse), making them ideal for driving
small wheeled robots.
Industrial / Smart Servos: High-end servos used in advanced automation and manufacturing, often featuring
digital feedback (temperature, load, exact position) and high torque capacity.
Where Are They Used?
Servos are ubiquitous in fields requiring precise physical movement:
Robotics: Controlling joints, robotic arms, and steering mechanisms.
Radio-Controlled (RC) Models: Controlling rudders on boats, ailerons on model airplanes, and steering on cars.
Manufacturing & Automation: Conveyor diverters, packaging machines, and CNC tool changers.
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